Many-valued logic generalises classical binary logic by permitting a spectrum of truth values rather than a strict dichotomy. This extended framework enables a more nuanced treatment of uncertainty, ...

A simple, bivalent semantics is defined for Łukasiewicz's 4-valued modal logic Łm4. It is shown that according to this semantics, the essential presupposition underlying Łm4 is the following: A is a ...

The study of monadic algebraic structures in combination with fuzzy logic offers a robust framework for modelling and analysing uncertainty and graded truth. These frameworks extend classical ...